Fistula Salival: presentación atípica en parotiditis bacteriana, a propósito de un caso / Salival Fistula, atypical presentation of bacterial parotiditis, by the purpose of a case

Introducción: La fístula salival es la comunicaciónde la glándula salival o el conducto parotídeo hacia la piel,debido a una lesión traumática del parénquima o del conducto deexcreción; no suele ser una complicación frecuente en parotiditisaguda. El objetivo de este trabajo es destacar la presentaciónatípica de un caso de parotiditis bacteriana asociado a fistulasalival hacia el conducto auditivo externo y cavidad oral, y aparálisis facial periférica. Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de15 años de edad, quien consulta por otalgia y otorrea derechaasociado a aumento de volumen en región parotídea ipsilateralde 5 días de evolución. Al examen físico se evidencia, caraasimétrica con desviación de comisura labial hacia la izquierda ycierre palpebral completo sin esfuerzo, con aumento de volumende parótida derecha con signos de flogosis, otorrea purulentaderecha . solución de continuidad en tercio medio de pisode conducto auditivo externo. Ecosonograma de piel y partesblandas, reveló cambios inflamatorios en glándula parótida concolección de 112 cc., Los hallazgos tomográficos de oído medioy mastoides corroboraron hallazgos del ecosonograma. se realizódrenaje quirúrgico del absceso y se trató con Clindamicina600 mg vía endovenosa cada 6 horas y Penicilina Cristalina200 mg/kg/ peso cada 6 horas y su evolución fue satisfactoria.Conclusión:Los abscesos parotídeos pueden presentarse demanera atípica o en raras ocasiones con drenaje a través delconducto auditivo externo(AU)

Introduction: Salivary fistula is the communicationof the salivary glands or the parotid duct to the skin, due toa traumatic injury to the parenchyma or the excretion duct; Itis not usually a frequent complication in acute parotitis. the eobjective of this work is to highlight the atypical presentation of acase of bacterial parotitis associated with salivary fistula towardsthe external auditory canal and oral cavity, and peripheralfacial paralysis. Clinical case: A 15-year-old male patient, whoconsulted due to otalgia and right otorrhea associated with anincrease in volume in the ipsilateral parotid region of 5 days ofevolution. On physical examination, an asymmetrical face withdeviation of the lip corner to the leth and complete palpebralclosure without effort, with increased volume of the rightparotid gland with signs of phlogosis, right purulent otorrhea and continuity solution in the middle third of the external auditory canal are evident. Ultrasound of the skin and so the tissues revealed inflammatory changes in the parotid glands with a collection of 112 cc. yhe tomographic findings of the middle ear and mastoids corroborated the findings of the echosonogram; Surgical drainage of the abscess was performed and he was treated with clindamycin 600 mg intravenously every 6 hours and crystalline penicillin 200 mg/kg/weight every 6 hours, and his evolution was satisfactory. Conclusion: Parotid abscesses can present atypically or rarely with drainage through the external auditory canal(AU)

Parotiditis recurrente benigna de la infancia: experiencia en el diagnóstico en un hospital de alta complejidad en Latinoamérica

Objetivo: la parotiditis recurrente benigna de la infancia (PRBI) es una enfermedad de importancia clínica. Sin embargo, su diagnóstico puede no realizarse correctamente debido al desconocimiento de esta entidad. El propósito de este estudio es describir los aspectos clínicos fundamentales de esta condición y proponer un enfoque terapéutico simple. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un análisis descriptivo de pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de parotiditis viral y PRBI entre los años 2008 y 2018, en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá, Colombia. Resultados: se encontraron 41 pacientes con diagnóstico de PRBI; de estos, el 51,2 % fueron de sexo femenino, con una edad media de 7,1 años. A 32 pacientes (78 %) con diagnóstico de PRBI se les realizaron imágenes diagnósticas, a pesar de que la tasa de complicaciones fue baja (19,5 %). El diagnóstico fue hecho por los servicios de pediatría y otorrinolaringología en el 80 % de los casos. Conclusiones: hasta donde sabemos, este es el estudio con mayor número de pacientes con diagnóstico de PRBI en Latinoamérica. Es indispensable conocer esta enfermedad y tener en cuenta su curso benigno y pocas complicaciones, con el fin de destinar menos recursos en el uso de imágenes innecesarias y evitar el sobrediagnóstico de parotiditis por paramixovirus.

SUMMARY Objectives: Benign recurrent parotitis of childhood (BRPC) is a clinically relevant disease in childhood. Its diagnosis, however, is usually not made due to the lack of knowledge regarding such a condition. The aim of this study is to describe the most relevant aspects of this condition and propose a simple therapeutic approach. Materials and Methods: We did a descriptive analysis of pediatric patients diagnosed with viral parotitis and BRPC between 2008 and 2018, at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio in Bogotá, Colombia. Results: 41 patients with BRPC where included; 51.2% were female, with a mean age of 7.1 years. Thirty-two patients (78%) with diagnosis of BRPC underwent diagnostic imaging, despite the low rate of complications (19,5%). The diagnosis was made by otolaryngologists or pediatricians in 80% of the cases. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the study with the largest number of BRPC cases in Latin America. It is essential to know about this disease and take into account its benign course and few complication rates, in order to avoid both wasting of resources in the use of unnecessary imaging and the overdiagnosis of mumps.

Re-cognition of chronic obstructive diseases of the parotid gland / 口腔疾病防治

@#Chronic obstructive diseases of the parotid gland are common clinically, with repeated swelling and a prolonged course and poor treatment outcomes. Based on the summarization of clinical practice and related literature, from the viewpoint of etiology, parotid obstructive diseases can be classified as mechanical obstructions, specific obstructions and non-specific obstructions. The principles of fluid mechanics are introduced to explain the formation of parotid obstructions. According to the different causes, the methods of changing the flow pattern of saliva in the parotid to reduce the resistance and relieve the obstruction, are proposed, such as mechanical factors removals, application of drugs that promote saliva secretion and lower saliva viscosity, ductal expansion under endoscopy and stent placement, and embolization of collateral ducts. These managements can effectively increase the salivary flow rate, reduce the occurrence of the saliva stranded and parotid gland obstructions.

Salivary Gland Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A 15-year Experience

Abstract Introduction Diseases of the salivary glands are rare in children and adolescents, with the exception of viral-induced infections. Objective To determine the clinical course of the disease, the diagnostic procedures, the treatment and the outcome of all children and adolescents affected with salivary gland diseases at our clinic over a period of 15 years. Methods A retrospective chart review including a long-term follow-up was conducted among 146 children and adolescents treated for salivary gland disorders from 2002 to 2016. Results Diagnosing acute sialadenitis was easily managed by all doctors regardless of their specialty. The diagnosis of sialolithiasis was rapidly made only by otorhinolar- yngologists, whereas diagnosing juvenile recurrent parotitis imposed difficulties to doctors of all specialties - resulting in a significant delay between the first occurrence of symptoms and the correct diagnosis. The severity-adjusted treatment yielded improve- ments in all cases, and a full recovery of 75% of the cases of sialolithiasis, 73% of the cases of juvenile recurrent parotitis, and 100% of the cases of acute sialadenitis. Conclusions Due to their low prevalence and the lack of pathognomonic symptoms, salivary gland diseases in children and adolescents are often misdiagnosed, resulting in an unneces- sarily long period of suffering despite a favorable outcome following the correct treatment.

Parotiditis tuberculosa: una presentación poco frecuente de una enfermedad reemergente / Tuberculous parotitis: an uncommon presentation of a reemerging disease / Parotidite tuberculosa: uma apresentação rara de uma doença reemergente

Resumen: Introducción: en Uruguay en los últimos años se ha observado un aumento de la incidencia de la enfermedad en niños. El diagnóstico de TB infantil representa un desafío, la infección suele cursar con manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas y muchas veces en forma asintomática. Objetivo: describir el caso clínico de un niño con parotiditis tuberculosa. Caso clínico: 5 años, varón, sano, hacinamiento, dos adultos convivientes con TB pulmonar en tratamiento. Vacunas vigentes. Consulta por tumoración de cuello derecha de tres días de evolución, adelgazamiento, subfebril. Diagnóstico al ingreso, adenoflemón de probable etiología bacteriana. Tratamiento con antibióticos, mala evolución, persiste febril y no se modifica tamaño de tumoración. Ecografía de partes blandas: glándula parotídea derecha aumentada de tamaño. Prueba tuberculínica: 14 mm. Velocidad de eritrosedimentación: 75 mm/h. Con planteo de TB parotídea se realiza punción de la glándula, obteniéndose material purulento. Se confirma bacteriológicamente la infección por métodos moleculares y cultivo. Se inicia tratamiento para TB. Recibe nueve meses de tratamiento con resolución completa y sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: las formas de presentación extrapulmonares son más frecuentes en niños que en adultos, su diagnóstico no es sencillo. Es fundamental recordar que el diagnóstico de un caso de TB en un niño representa un evento sanitario centinela de la transmisión reciente a partir de adulto bacilífero que habitualmente convive y debe ser diagnosticado y tratado adecuadamente.

Summary: Introduction: according to the World Health Organization (WHO), Childhood tuberculosis (TB) occurs in children under 15 years of age. An increase in the incidence of this disease was detected in children in recent years. The diagnosis of childhood TB is a challenge because of its non-specific clinical manifestations. Objective: describe a case of a child with tuberculous parotitis. Case report: 5-year-old healthy male living with 2 adults with pulmonary TB under treatment. Vaccination according to his age. Consultation regarding a neck tumor of 3 days of evolution, patient showed weight loss and no history of fever. Diagnosis at admission was cervical adenitis probably with bacterial etiology. Antibiotic treatment, poor evolution, fever persisted and tumor size remained unchanged. Soft tissue ultrasound: enlarged right parotid gland. Tuberculin test: 14mm. Erythrosedimentation rate 75mm / h. With a parotid tuberculosis approach, we performed a gland puncture and obtained purulent material. The infection was bacteriologically confirmed by molecular methods and culture. Treatment for tuberculosis began. Patient received treatment for 9 months and showed complete resolution and no complications. Conclusions: although tuberculosis is a reemerging disease and extra-pulmonary presentation forms are more frequent in children than in adults, diagnosis remains a challenge. It is essential to remember that the TB diagnosis in children usually shows a sentinel health event of recent transmission from a bacilliferous adult who usually lives with the child and must be properly diagnosed and treated.

Resumo: Introdução: segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), a tuberculose infantil (TB) ocorre em crianças menores de 15 anos de idade. Nos últimos anos houve um aumento na incidência desta doença em crianças. O diagnóstico da TB infantil é um desafio devido às suas manifestações clínicas inespecíficas. Objetivo: descrever o caso duma criança com parotidite tuberculosa. Relato de caso: menino de 5 anos, saudável, morava com 2 adultos com TB pulmonar em tratamento. Vacinas de acordo com sua idade. Consulta referente a tumor cervical com 3 dias de evolução, paciente apresentava emagrecimento, sem febre. O diagnóstico na admissão foi adenite cervical de etiologia provavelmente bacteriana. Tratamento antibiótico, má evolução, persistência de febre e tamanho do tumor inalterado. Ultrassom de partes moles: glândula parótida direita aumentada. Teste tuberculínico: 14mm. Taxa de eritrosedimentação 75 mm / h. Com abordagem de tuberculose parotídea, realizou-se punção da glândula e obteve-se material purulento. A infecção foi confirmada bacteriologicamente por métodos moleculares e cultura. Começou-se tratamento para a tuberculose, o paciente recebeu tratamento por 9 meses e apresentou resolução completa e sem complicações. Conclusões: embora a tuberculose seja uma doença reemergente e as formas de apresentação extrapulmonar sejam mais frequentes em crianças do que em adultos, o diagnóstico permanece um desafio. É fundamental lembrar que o diagnóstico de um caso de TB na criança representa um evento sentinela de saúde de transmissão recente de um adulto bacilífero que mora com a criança e que deve ser devidamente diagnosticado e tratado.

Parotiditis e influenza: inusual asociación durante 2017, en Santa Fe, Argentina / Parotitis and influenza: unusual association during 2017, in Santa Fe, Argentina

Resumen Introducción: La parotiditis es una enfermedad vírica aguda caracterizada por tumefacción y dolor en una o ambas glándulas salivales, submaxilar o submentoniana, fiebre, dolor de cabeza, dolor muscular y/o fatiga. Objetivos Investigar la ocurrencia de infección por el virus influenza en casos de parotiditis en una población de Santa Fe, durante 2017 y analizar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los casos. Materiales y Métodos: Se estudiaron pacientes con diagnóstico de parotiditis, que acudieron a la consulta desde la semana 26 en la red de médicos que forman la Unidad Centinela de Influenza en Santa Fe. Resultados: Entre las semanas epidemiológicas 26 y 44, se incluyeron 22 casos de parotiditis clínica. El virus influenza se detectó en 68,2%, influenza A (H3N2) 93% e influenza B 7%. Los síntomas clínicos de los casos fueron leves, con una tumefacción de cinco días y sin complicaciones. El 74% presentó una enfermedad tipo influenza en conjunto con la parotiditis. Conclusiones: Este estudio evidencia que niños que presentaban parotiditis tenían una infección por el virus de la influenza A (H3N2). Es necesario implementar una vigilancia sistemática de las parotiditis asociadas con influenza y el diagnóstico diferencial, incluso en ausencia de síntomas respiratorios.

Background: Parotitis is an acute viral disease characterized by swelling and pain in one or both salivary glands, submaxillary or submental, fever, headache, muscle ache and/or fatigue. Aim: To investigate the occurrence of influenza virus infection in parotitis cases in a population of Santa Fe during 2017 and analyze clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the cases. Methods: We studied patients with diagnosis of mumps without age restriction, who came for examination from week 26 to the network of clinicians forming the Sentinel Influenza Unit in Santa Fe. Results: Between epidemiological weeks 26 and 44, 22 clinical parotitis cases we enrolled. The influenza virus was detected in 68.2%, influenza A (H3N2) 93%, and influenza B, 7%. The clinical signs of cases were mild, with an average swelling development of 5 days and no complications. 74% presented with influenza-like illness in tandem with parotitis. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that a proportion of children presenting with parotitis had influenza A(H3N2) virus infection. It is necessary to implement systematic surveillance of parotitis associated with influenza and differential diagnosis even in the absence of respiratory symptoms.

Salivary Gland Pathologies As Detected On Ultrasound Evaluation Of Neck In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Srinagar Garhwal

VA and DS conceived the idea. VA collected the data and analyzed the data. VA wrote the manuscript draft. VA and DS both finalized and approved the draft. Authors declare that the manuscript has been read and approved and that the requirement for authorship is met and that the authors believe that the manuscript represents honest work and that the information given is not provided to any other publisher in any form.

Bilateral suppurative parotitis in a neonate: a case report

Acute suppurative parotitis is a very rare ailment to be encountered in the neonatal period. Here, we report a 13-day old hemodynamically stable neonate, who presented to us with bilateral tender, erythematous parotid swelling and purulent discharge exuding from stensen's duct. He was exclusively breast fed and had no other risk factors. Provisional diagnosis of acute suppurative parotitis was made with clinical examination. On investigating, there was neutrophilic leukocytosis, elevated acute phase reactants, ultrasonogram showed hypoechoic areas and a heavy growth of Staphylococcus aureus was isolated on pus culture. Baby underwent incision and drainage on the day of admission and was started on appropriate parenteral antibiotics along with supportive management. There was a significant clinical response over next 24 hours. He was doing well throughout the hospital stay and antibiotic course was completed based on culture sensitivity pattern. He neither had any immediate complications during hospital stay nor developed any late complications on follow up. Prognosis of the condition is excellent with adequate timely management. Authors would like to report this case for its rarity and to emphasize on fact that though the condition is uncommon, acute neonatal parotitis should be included in the differentials of any unilateral or bilateral neonatal parotid swelling, as early diagnosis and prompt management of this entity is mandated for a favorable outcome and to limit complications drastically.

Absceso parotídeo y mastitis por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a Meticillina en un neonato / Parotid abscess and mastitis by Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a newborn

Introducción: La parotiditis supurativa aguda se presenta con poca frecuencia en el período neonatal. Objetivo: Aportar un nuevo caso de parotiditis supurativa aguda por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la Meticillina. Presentación del caso: El presente caso tiene la particularidad de que presentó foco de infección inicial (impétigo y conjuntamente mastitis bilateral), en el que se demostró el mismo microorganismo causal de la infección: Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la Meticillina. La mastitis bilateral evolucionó hacia la formación de absceso. En la literatura revisada solo se encontraron tres publicaciones que tratan de neonatos con un foco inicial de infección en sitios diferentes de la parotiditis. Estos aspectos fueron los que motivaron la presentación del caso. Conclusiones: Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la Meticillina ha emergido en los últimos años como agente causal de parotiditis supurativa aguda, que puede diseminarse hacia otro foco infeccioso, habitualmente se logra la curación con tratamiento antibiótico ajustado al agente causal, concretamente con Vancomicina, aunque puede requerir también tratamiento quirúrgico si ocurre abscedación(AU)

Introduction: Acute suppurative parotitis occurs infrequently in the neonatal period. Objective: To provide information of a new case of acute suppurative parotitis caused by Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Case presentation: The present case has the particularity that the patient presented a source of initial infection (impetigo and jointly bilateral mastitis), in which the same causal microorganism of the infection was found: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bilateral mastitis evolved to the formation of abscess. In the literature reviewed, there were only 3 publications on neonates who presented an initial source of infection in sites different from parotitis. These aspects are those that motivated the presentation of this case. Conclusions: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus has emerged in the last years as a causal agent of acute suppurative parotitis that can lead to dissemination of another source of infection. Normally, the cure is achieved with antibiotic treatment adjusted to the causal microorganism, specifically with Vancomycin; although it can require surgical treatment if abscesses occurs(AU)

Brote de Parotiditis Vírica en el Liceo Militar de Acosta Ñu de junio a octubre del año 2016 / Outbreak of Viral Parotitis at the Acosta Ñu Military Academy from june to october 2016

Introducción: El presente estudio trata de un brote de parotiditis en un Liceo Militar que se inicia en junio del año 2016 y se prolonga hasta fines de octubre del mismo año. El objetivo fue describir las características epidemiológicas del brote. Métodos: Es observacional, retroprospectivo, de corte transverso de fichas clínicas de cadetes que constan en el archivo del Liceo Militar de Acosta Ñu que abarca el periodo junio a octubre del año 2016 y posterior entrevista a los afectados. Resultados: De 181 cadetes, todos masculinos, con edad media de 16 años, del Liceo Militar de Acosta Ñu. Se tomó como muestra a 115 cadetes (63%) presentaron parotiditis, sin afectación de las otras glándulas salivales. En 50 casos (44%) de forma bilateral y 64 casos (56%) unilateral. 23 cadetes (20%) presentaron complicaciones, como orquitis 22 (19%) todos unilaterales, pancreatitis 1. En ningún caso se presentó meningitis, encefalitis, miocarditis, todos sobrevivieron. De los cadetes afectados no fueron vacunados (SPR) 103 (90%), 8 (7%) recibieron una dosis y 2 (2.3%) dos dosis. Los casos ocurridos (63%) fue debida a la falta de vacunación completa (Triple Viral, 2 dosis) y a las condiciones de hacinamiento de los cadetes. Conclusión: El brote de parotiditis ocurrido en el Liceo Militar de Acosta Ñu, se caracterizó por la alta incidencia de contagios debido a la baja o nula cobertura vacunal y a las condiciones de hacinamiento de los cadetes. Por lo tanto recomendamos que al ingreso a toda institución que incluya residencia temporal o fija en condiciones de hacinamiento, la exigencia mínima debiera ser la presentación de un carnet de vacunación completo.

Introduction: This study describes an outbreak of mumps in a Military Academy that began in June 2016 and lasted until the end of October of the same year. Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, retroprospective, cross-sectional review of the medical records of cadets at the Acosta Ñu Military Academy who presented for medical evaluation from June to October, 2016 and with subsequent interviews with identified patients with parotitis. Results: Of 181 cadets, all were male, with an average age of 16 years. We selected a sample of 115 cadets (63%) who presented parotiditis, without involvement of other salivary glands. In 50 cases (44%) the illness was bilateral and in 64 cases (56%), the illness was unilateral. 23 cadets (20%) presented complications, such as orchitis 22 (19%) all unilateral, and one patient had pancreatitis. No patient had meningitis, encephalitis, or myocarditis, and there were no deaths. Of the affected 103 (90%) cadets were not vaccinated with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, 8 (7%) had received one dose and 2 (2.3%) received two doses. The cases that occurred (63%) were due to the lack of complete vaccination (MMR vaccine, 2 doses) and to the overcrowded conditions of the cadets. Conclusion: The Outbreak of parotitis, which occurred at Acosta Ñu Military Academy, was characterized by a high incidence of infections due to incomplete or no vaccination coverage and the overcrowded conditions of the cadets. Therefore, we recommend that upon admission to any institution that includes temporary or fixed residence in overcrowded conditions, the minimum requirement should be the presentation of a completed vaccination card.

Clinical application of cone beam CT sialography in the diagnosis of chronic parotitis / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To explore the value of cone beam CT(CBCT) scanning following parotid sialography in the diagnosis of chronic parotitis.Methods:20 cases of suspected chronic parotitis patients underwent parotid gland sialography followed by CBCT scanning.The images were observed by transverse plane,coronal plane,sagittal plane of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and 3D reconstruction.Results:The acinus and ducts system of parotid were clearly displayed from any orientation by MPR and 3D-reconstructed images.The images of 6 cases of chronic recurrent parotitis in CBCT sialography were charactered by punctiform dilatation in whole parotid gland,4 of them showed a normal ductal system,while 2 exhibited expression of ductal inflammation.The images of 14 cases of chronic obstructive parotitis showed irregular ductal dilatations and stenosis.Punctiform dilatations were found in 2 cases,and small filling defects (negative salivary calculi) in 3 cases.Conclusion:CBCT sialography is an effective clinical examination for the diagnosis and treatment chronic parotitis.

Clinical analysis of mumps meningoencephalitis in children without parotitis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the morbidity and clinical characteristics of mumps meningoencephalitis in children without parotitis.Methods Two hundred and twenty-three cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from children who were diagnosed as viral encephalitis at Department of Pediatrics,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from June 2010 to February 2016.Multiplex PCR was applied to detect the mumps virus,and other common viral,including measles virus,enterovirus,enterovirus 71 type,coxsackie virus A16 type,dengue virus,Japanese encephalitis virus,rubella virus,herpes simplex virus,human cytomegalovirus,Epstein-Barr virus,Chikungunya virus and Charon evagatus in mumps virus positive specimens were detected by PCR.The clinical data of patients with mumps virus infection were analyzed.Results In 223 CSF specimens,positive mumps virus were detected in 11 cases (4.9％),of whom,the mycobacterial,fungal,conventional CSF cultures and other common viral cause in CSF were negative.One case presented parotitis on the sixth day after admission.Of 11 cases with positive mumps virus,there were 10 cases without parotitis.The cardinal symptoms of mumps meningoencephalitis in children without parotitis were fever,headache,vomiting and seizures,and the CSF parameters,brain magnetic resonance imaging,electroencephalogram ofthe patients were all similar to other viral encephalitis,while the prognosis was good in children with mumps meningoencephalitis without parotitis,but the CSF return to normal needed a long time,the longest time up to 4 weeks.Conclusion Mumps meningoencephalitis may occur in children without parotitis,and the most common symptom are fever,headache,vomiting and seizures.

Brain Stem Infarction Due to Basilar Artery Dissection in a Patient with a Parotitis and Hyperhomocysteinemia

A 29-year-old man developed sudden dysarthria and right-sided weakness 3 days before admission to hospital. He was diagnosed with parotitis in the emergency room of Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital. The plasma levels of homocysteine were elevated (30.48 mg/dL). A brain magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a high signal intensity lesion in the left paramedian pons and computed tomography angiography showed a marked narrowing of the mid-basilar artery. We report a rare case of spontaneous basilar artery dissection caused by a recent infection and hyperhomocysteinemia.

Bilateral parotitis in a patient under continuous positive airway pressure treatment / Parotidite bilateral em paciente sob tratamento com pressão positiva contínua das vias aéreas

Abstract Background and objectives: Many conditions such as bacterial and viral infectious diseases, mechanical obstruction due to air and calculi and drugs can cause parotitis. We present a case of unusual bilateral parotitis in a patient under non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation in intensive care unit. Case report: A 36-year-old patient was admitted to intensive care unit with the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. Antibiotherapy, bronchodilator therapy and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation were applied as treatment regimen. Painless swellings developed on the 3rd day of admission on the right and a day after this on the left parotid glands. Amylase levels were increased and ultrasonographic evaluation revealed bilateral parotitis. No intervention was made and the therapy was continued. The patient was discharged on the 6th day with clinical improvement and regression of parotid swellings without any complications. Conclusions: Parotitis may have occurred after retrograde air flow in the Stensen duct during CPAP application. After the exclusion of possible viral and bacteriological etiologies and possible drug reactions we can focus on this diagnosis.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: Muitas condições podem causar parotidite, incluindo doenças infecciosas virais e bacterianas, obstrução mecânica por causa da presença de ar, cálculos e medicamentos. Apresentamos um caso de parotidite bilateral incomum em um paciente sob tratamento com pressão positiva contínua não invasiva das vias aéreas (PPCVA) para exacerbação da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica em unidade de terapia intensiva. Relato de caso: Paciente de 36 anos, internado em unidade de terapia intensiva com diagnóstico de exacerbação da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Antibioterapia, terapia broncodilatadora e ventilação com pressão positiva não invasiva foram aplicadas como regime de tratamento. No terceiro dia de internação, inchaços indolores desenvolveram‐se à direita da glândula parótida e, depois, à esquerda. Os níveis de amilase aumentaram e o exame ultrassonográfico revelou parotidite bilateral. Nenhuma intervenção foi feita e o tratamento foi continuado. O paciente recebeu alta no sexto dia, com melhoria clínica e regressão do inchaço da parótida, sem complicações. Conclusões: A parotidite pode ter ocorrido após o fluxo retrógrado de ar do duto de Stensen durante a aplicação de PPCVA. Após a exclusão de possíveis etiologias virais e bacteriológicas e possíveis reações medicamentosas, podemos focar no diagnóstico.

Pediatric suppurative parotitis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei

Background: Suppurative parotitis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei has been rarely found outside endemic areas. Case presentation: Herein, we report the recovery of Burkholderia pseudomallei from the pus of a suppurative parotitis observed in a 12-year-old boy who lived in Hainan province, China. Specimens of necrotic tissue were collected and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Pus sample was also collected for bacteriological examination. The suppurative inflammation was observed in the necrotic tissue section and Burkholderia pseudomallei were detected in the sample. Conclusion: In this adolescent, Burkholderia pseudomallei infection was present in the parotid, which consists of the first report of this bacterium in a parotitis case acquired in China.(AU)

Melioidosis parotitis in children

A recent paper published in JVATiTD reporting a child in Hainan with parotitis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei misleadingly described parotitis as a rare manifestation of melioidosis. In fact, it is one of the commonest forms of paediatric melioidosis seen in other parts of Southeast Asia, although interestingly not in Australia.(AU)

Melioidosis parotitis in children

A recent paper published in JVATiTD reporting a child in Hainan with parotitis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei misleadingly described parotitis as a rare manifestation of melioidosis. In fact, it is one of the commonest forms of paediatric melioidosis seen in other parts of Southeast Asia, although interestingly not in Australia.

Pediatric suppurative parotitis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei

Suppurative parotitis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei has been rarely found outside endemic areas. Case presentation: Herein, we report the recovery of Burkholderia pseudomallei from the pus of a suppurative parotitis observed in a 12-year-old boy who lived in Hainan province, China. Specimens of necrotic tissue were collected and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Pus sample was also collected for bacteriological examination. The suppurative inflammation was observed in the necrotic tissue section and Burkholderia pseudomallei were detected in the sample. Conclusion: In this adolescent, Burkholderia pseudomallei infection was present in the parotid, which consists of the first report of this bacterium in a parotitis case acquired in China.

Aspectos clínicos y evolución de la parotiditis recurrente infantil / Clinical aspects and progression of recurrent parotitis of childhood

INTRODUCCIÓN: la parotiditis recurrente infantil es una enfermedad inflamatoria de las glándulas parótidas que se presenta con frecuencia en la práctica pediátrica. OBJETIVO: describir algunos aspectos clínicos y la evolución de la parotiditis recurrente infantil en un grupo de niños atendidos en el Hospital "Hermanos Cordové" de Manzanillo, Granma, Cuba. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo y longitudinal. La población quedó constituida por 86 pacientes afectados por la enfermedad que fueron vistos de primera instancia entre los años 1990 y 2005. La información se obtuvo mediante la observación y la entrevista; se consideraron las variables siguientes: sexo, edad en la primera consulta, localización, edad al momento de remisión de la enfermedad, número de crisis, y estado funcional glandular al final del seguimiento. Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos descriptivos que incluyeron medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. Se determinaron diferencias de medias y sus intervalos de confianza del 95 %. RESULTADOS: predominaron el sexo masculino (66,3 %), las edades entre 5 y 9 años (53,5 %) y la localización derecha (47,6 %). El tiempo promedio general entre la primera consulta y la remisión de las crisis fue de 3 años y medio, mientras que el promedio de crisis fue de 6,36. CONCLUSIONES: la evolución fue buena; al final del seguimiento todos los pacientes tuvieron una función glandular salival adecuada.

INTRODUCTION: recurrent parotitis of childhood is an inflammatory disease of the parotid glands that frequently occurs in pediatric patients. OBJECTIVE: to describe some clinical aspects and the progression of recurrent parotitis of childhood in a group of children seen at ¨Hermanos Cordové¨ hospital, Manzanillo, Gramma province, Cuba. METHODS: longitudinal and descriptive study was conducted. The population was made up of 86 patients with the disease, who were seen from 1990 to 2005. The information was collected through observation and interview and the study variables were sex, age at the first medical appointment, location, age at the time of remission, number of crises and functional status of the glands at the end of the follow-up period. Summary statistic methods included central tendency and dispersion measures. Mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals were then determined. RESULTS: males (66.3 %), five to nine years of age patients (53.5 %) and right location (47.6 %). The average time elapsed from the first medical appointment to remission of crises was 3 and a half years whereas the average number of crises was 6.36 CONCLUSIONS: recovery was good. At the end of the follow-up period, all the patients showed adequate salivary gland function.

Serie de 8 casos de parotiditis supurada aguda neonatal / Eight cases of acute neonatal suppurative parotitis

La parotiditis supurada aguda es una infección poco frecuente en la práctica del pediatra y neonatólogo. El objetivo es mostrar nuestra experiencia en la atención de serie de casos con parotiditis supurada aguda en el período neonatal, y describir sus características de presentación. Se presentan los hallazgos clínicos en 8 pacientes con parotiditis supurativa neonatal, quienes estuvieron ingresados en el Servicio de Neonatología del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "Juan Manuel Márquez", durante el período de 22 años (desde el año 1992 hasta el año 2013), y se contrasta con los reportes publicados en la literatura internacional. Las características de presentación de la parotiditis aguda supurada de nuestros casos concuerdan con la literatura revisada en muchos aspectos, y se demuestra que es, además, una infección poco frecuente en el período neonatal. Es la primera publicación sobre esta entidad en neonatos en Cuba, y la mayor serie de casos en el ámbito latinoamericano.

Acute suppurative parotitis is a rare infection in the pediatric and neonatological practice. This case presentation showed our experience in the care of a case series affected by acute suppurative parotitis in their neonatal period and described the characteristics of their presentation. The clinical findings obtained in 8 patients with neonatal suppurative parotitis, who had been admitted to the neonatology service of ¨Juan Manuel Marquez¨university pediatric hospital in the period of 1992 to 2013, were presented and compared with the reports from the international literature. The presentation characteristics of the disease in our cases agreed with those of the reviewed literature in many aspects, and it was proved that this illness is rate in the neonatal period. This is the first report published about this disease in neonates in Cuba and the highest number of cases in the Latin American context.